Hildebrand

toc =Hildebrand/Pope Gregory VII=

Introduction
Pope Gregory VII (1015/1028– May 25, 1085), born Hildebrand of Sovana was Pope from April 22, 1073, until his death. One of the great reforming popes, he is perhaps best known for the part he played in the [|Investiture Controversy], his dispute with [|Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor] affirming the primacy of the papal authority and the new canon law governing the election of the pope by the college of cardinals. He was at the forefront of both evolutionary developments in the relationship between the Emperor and the papacy during the years before becoming pope. He was beatified by Gregory XIII in 1584, and canonized in 1728 by Benedict XIII as Pope St. Gregory VII. He twice [|excommunicated] Henry IV, who in the end appointed the [|Antipope Clement III] to oppose him in the political power struggles between church and Empire. Hailed as one of the greatest of the Roman pontiffs after his reforms proved successful, Gregory was during his own reign despised by many for his expansive use of papal powers. Joseph McCabe describes Gregory VII as a "rough and violent peasant, enlisting his brute strength in the service of the monastic ideal which he embraced."

Papal Policy
Elected pope 1073, excommunicated Henry

He died an exile in Salerno; his last words were: "//Amavi iustiam et odivi iniquitatem; propterea, morior in exilio//" ("I have loved justice and hated iniquity; therefore, I [now] die in exile"). The Romans and a number of his most trusted helpers had renounced him, and the faithful band in Germany had shrunk to small numbers. Curiously for more than 900 years, the people of Salerno have zealously guarded Gregory's mortal remains and refused to permit him to be taken back for burial in St. Peter's, the traditional resting place of an overwhelming number of popes. Today, his sarcophagus lies in the cathedral church of Salerno, Italy.

=Sources=


 * 1) Wikipedia used for reference and foundational knowledge
 * 2) Western Civilization: Ideas, Politics, and Society (Perry, Chase, Jacob, Jacob, Von Laue)
 * 3) Church History in Plain Language (Shelley)
 * 4) //Hildebrand writing and reading//
 * 5) //Hildebrand with child angel//
 * 6) //Gregory VII in Holy attire//